Eldhraun Lava Field

Eldhraun (63.8333°N, 18.3833°W) is a vast lava field blanketed in thick Racomitrium lanuginosum (woolly fringe-moss). It was created during the Skaftáreldar (Laki) eruption of June 1783 to February 1784, when a 27 km fissure of 130 craters erupted along the Lakagígar volcanic system. The eruption produced 14.7 km3 of basaltic lava and released an estimated 120 million tonnes of sulfur dioxide; the resulting toxic haze (the "Laki haze") killed livestock and crops across Iceland and Europe. Roughly 10,000 Icelanders (about 20% of the population) died in the resulting famine known as the Móðuharðindin ("Mist Hardships"). Benjamin Franklin linked the resulting European summer cooling to the eruption in a 1784 paper. Today, the 565 km2 lava field is carpeted in centuries-old moss that grows only 1–2 cm per decade; a single footstep can cause damage requiring 30–70 years to recover. NASA astronauts trained here in 1965–67 as a lunar surface analogue. The field is visible from Route 1 between Vík and Kirkjubæjarklaustur (256 km from Reykjavík). Stay on marked paths and designated viewpoints.