Language age
Over 1,000 years
Largely unchanged since the settlement era; it stays close to Old Norse.
The Icelandic Language
A North Germanic tongue that has changed little since the 13th century, so modern Icelanders can read medieval sagas in the original.
Topic
Language & Linguistics
Preservation is a national priority in Iceland.
Quick Answer
Icelandic is Iceland's official language, a North Germanic tongue spoken by around 380,000 people. It has changed remarkably little since the 13th century, so modern Icelanders can still read the medieval sagas in their original form. New vocabulary is typically built from old Norse roots rather than borrowed, a deliberate language-preservation tradition.
Icelandic is a North Germanic language that has changed remarkably little since medieval times. While other Scandinavian languages evolved significantly, Iceland's geographic isolation helped preserve the language in something close to its Old Norse form. Icelanders can still read the 13th-century sagas in the original text. Language preservation is a national priority: rather than borrowing foreign words, Icelanders create new terms from Old Norse roots. The word for computer, "tölva," combines "tala" (number) and "völva" (prophetess). Despite this linguistic pride, almost everyone in Iceland speaks fluent English, so visitors get by easily.
Sources and last reviewed
Last reviewed: 2026-03-03
This page provides a general overview of the Icelandic language for travelers. For linguistic research, consult the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies.
Pages are reviewed for practical usefulness, source quality, and volatile claims before publication.
Official sources to check
Speakers
~380,000 native
One of the smallest language communities in Europe, fiercely protected.
Word creation
New from old roots
'Tölva' (computer) = tala (number) + völva (prophetess).
Useful Phrases for Visitors
- Halló — Hello
- Takk / Takk fyrir — Thanks / Thank you
- Já / Nei — Yes / No
- Afsakið — Excuse me
- Hvar er...? — Where is...?
- Ég tala ekki íslensku — I don't speak Icelandic
- Gott kvöld — Good evening
- Bless — Goodbye
Distinctive Features of Icelandic
- Four grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive) — nouns, adjectives, and pronouns all decline
- Special letters: Þ/þ ('thorn', like 'th' in think), Ð/ð ('eth', like 'th' in the), Æ/æ (like 'eye'), plus á, é, í, ó, ú, ý, ö
- 32-letter alphabet — includes all English letters except C, Q, W, Z, plus the special Icelandic characters
- Patronymic naming system — most Icelanders use their father's (or mother's) first name + 'son' or 'dóttir' rather than family surnames
- Complex verb conjugation with strong/weak verb classes inherited from Old Norse
- Word creation examples: tölva (computer) = tala + völva; sjónvarp (television) = sjón (sight) + varp (throw); þyrla (helicopter) = 'whirler'
- The Íslensk málnefnd (Icelandic Language Committee) actively coins new terms to prevent English loanword adoption
- Closest living relative is Faroese; both descend from Old West Norse brought by Viking settlers
Planning help
Icelandic Language FAQs
Quick answers with safety notes where it matters.